Amphetamine Salts vs Dextroamphetamine

Amphetamine salts and dextroamphetamine are both prescribed to manage conditions like ADHD and narcolepsy. They are stimulants that affect brain activity, helping people focus better and manage impulsive behavior. However, their chemical makeup, effects, and potential risks set them apart. 

This guide to amphetamine salts vs dextroamphetamine highlights how these medications work, their uses, and the risks involved. It also explores the differences between the two and what to consider if you or a loved one use these prescription stimulants. 

What Are Amphetamine Salts?

Amphetamine salts are a combination of chemical compounds used in medications to treat conditions like ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and narcolepsy (a condition that provokes daytime sleepiness). These salts typically include different forms of amphetamine. By combining the forms in specific ratios, amphetamine salts create a balanced effect, boosting focus, attention, and energy levels.

Amphetamine salts work as stimulants of the CNS (central nervous system). They increase the activity of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine, which help regulate mood, energy, and attention [1] These medications are carefully prescribed and monitored due to their potential for misuse and addiction. 

Types of Amphetamine

There are different types of amphetamine-based medications, each tailored to specific medical needs [2]. Common types include:

• Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine): This form contains only the d-amphetamine isomer, making it highly potent [3]. It is often used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy.
• Mixed amphetamine salts (Adderall): This medication contains both d-amphetamine and l-amphetamine in a 3:1 ratio. This mix provides a broader and smoother effect, addressing mental focus and physical energy.
• Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse): A prodrug, Vyvanse is inactive until broken down in the body, releasing d-amphetamine. It’s designed to reduce the risk of misuse while treating ADHD and binge eating disorders.

These variations allow healthcare providers to customize treatment plans based on individual responses and needs. 

Amphetamine Dosages

Dosages of amphetamines vary depending on the type of medication, the person’s age, and the conditions being treated. Dosages often start low and are gradually adjusted to achieve the desired effects with minimal side effects.

• For ADHD in children: The usual starting dose is 2.5 to 5mg daily. This dose may be increased weekly, depending on the child’s response and tolerance.
• For ADHD in adults: Adults normally start with 5 to 10mg daily. Extended-release forms, like Adderall XR, are often used to avoid multiple doses throughout the day.
• For narcolepsy: The starting dose for narcolepsy may range from 5 to 10mg daily and can increase based on individual symptoms.

Follow a doctor’s instructions carefully when using this medication as improper dosing can provoke serious side effects, including addiction.

What Is Amphetamine Used For?

Amphetamines are powerful medications that can dramatically improve quality of life when used correctly under medical supervision. They are mainly prescribed to treat:

• ADHD: Amphetamines improve focus, attention, and impulse control, making it easier for people with ADHD to manage daily tasks and responsibilities.
  Narcolepsy: For individuals with this sleep disorder, amphetamines may help reduce excessive daytime sleepiness and improve alertness.
• Obesity (off-label use): In some cases, amphetamines may be prescribed for short-term weight loss [4]. That said, their use for this purpose is limited due to concerns about safety and the potential for abuse. 

Amphetamine Salt Onset & Duration

The effects of amphetamine salts depend on the formulation—whether it’s IR (immediate-release) or XR (extended-release). 

• IR (immediate-release): Effects start within 30 to 60 minutes and last 4 to 6 hours. These formulations may require multiple doses throughout the day.
• XR (extended-release): These formulations release the medication slowly over time, with effects lasting 8 to 12 hours. They are typically taken once in the morning.

Onset and duration can vary based on age, metabolism, and whether the medication is taken on an empty stomach. XR formulations are often preferred for convenience and smoother symptom management throughout the day.

Short-Term & Long-Term Amphetamine Side Effects

Amphetamines may trigger an array of short-term effects, including:

• Dry mouth
• Loss of appetite
• Insomnia
• Increased heart rate
• Nausea or stomach pain
• Anxiety or restlessness

This class of drug also has the potential to cause long-term side effects, such as: 

• High blood pressure
• Mood swings or irritability
• Insomnia and sleep disturbances
• Weight loss and malnutrition
• Heart problems or arrhythmias
• Dependence and addiction

To minimize risks, take amphetamines strictly as prescribed and maintain regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider. 

Amphetamine Legal Classification

Amphetamines are classified as Schedule II controlled substances in the United States. This designation reflects their high potential for abuse and dependence, despite some accepted medical uses [5]. As a result, these medications are available only by prescription and require careful monitoring. 

The legal classification ensures that amphetamines are used responsibly while reducing the risk of diversion and misuse. People taking the medication are required to follow specific guidelines when refilling prescriptions, such as monthly doctor visits or providing proof of medical need. 

Common Brand Names for Amphetamine Salts

Several brand-name medications contain amphetamine salts. These include: 

• Adderall (IR and XR): A widely prescribed combination of d-amphetamine and l-amphetamine salts.
• Mydayis: A long-acting amphetamine salt medication designed for all-day symptom management.
• Evekeo: A lower-dose amphetamine salt medication often used for children or adults sensitive to higher doses. 

Generic versions of these medications are also available and are often more affordable while offering the same therapeutic effects. 

What Is Dextroamphetamine?

Dextroamphetamine is a powerful CNS stimulant used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy. It increases levels of dopamine and norepinephrine which help improve attention, focus, and energy. 

The medication is derived from amphetamine but contains only the dextro isomer, which stimulates the brain more powerfully [6]. Its targeted effects make it a popular choice for individuals needing help managing symptoms of inattention and excessive sleepiness. Like other stimulants, dextroamphetamine must be prescribed and monitored carefully due to its potential for misuse. 

Are Dexedrine and Dextroamphetamine the Same?

Dexedrine is a branded medication that contains dextroamphetamine sulfate as its active ingredient. While the terms Dexedrine and dextroamphetamine are sometimes used interchangeably, there is a difference:

• Dexedrine: A specific brand that provides dextroamphetamine in immediate-release and extended-release forms.
• Dextroamphetamine: The generic name for the drug, available in several formulations, including tablets, capsules, and solutions.

Both options are effective for managing ADHD and narcolepsy. Generic versions may be more affordable than the brand-name counterpart. 

Uses of Dexedrine/Dextroamphetamine

Dextroamphetamine is chiefly used to treat the following conditions: 

• ADHD: This medication helps improve focus, reduce impulsive behavior, and enhance overall attention span.
  Narcolepsy: For individuals with excessive daytime sleepiness, dextroamphetamine promotes wakefulness and helps maintain alertness. 

Dextroamphetamine may be prescribed for off-label uses like managing treatment-resistant depression. Off-label use should be approached cautiously and under close medical supervision. 

Dosages of Dextroamphetamine

The dosage of dextroamphetamine depends on several factors, including the person’s age, the condition treated, and the medication formulation. 

• Children aged 3 to 5: The starting dose for ADHD is usually 2.5mg once daily, with weekly increases of 2.5mg if needed.
• Children and adolescents aged 6 and older: The usual starting dose is 5mg once or twice daily, with weekly adjustments up to a maximum of 40mg per day.
• Adults: For ADHD or narcolepsy, the starting dose is generally 5 to 10mg once or twice daily, with adjustments based on individual response and side effects.

Extended-release formulations like Dexedrine Spansule are normally taken once each morning, providing symptom control throughout the day without requiring multiple doses.

Extended-release formulations like Dexedrine Spansule (d-amphetamine ER) are often taken once daily in the morning, providing symptom control throughout the day. 

Onset & Duration of Dextroamphetamine

The timing of dextroamphetamine’s effects hinges on the type of formulation:

• IR: Effects begin within 30 minutes to 1 hour and last for 4 to 6 hours.
• XR: These formulations provide a steady release of the drug, taking slightly longer to kick in but lasting 8 to 12 hours.

Taking the medication in the morning can help avoid insomnia or disrupted sleep patterns, People who find the effects wear off too quickly might benefit from switching to an extended-release version.

Short-Term & Long-Term Side Effects

Dextroamphetamine can trigger immediate side effects that include: 

• Dry mouth
• Headaches
• Loss of appetite
• Nervousness or restlessness
• Difficulty sleeping
• Upset stomach or nausea 

The prolonged use of dextroamphetamine may prompt more severe health concerns, such as: 

• Persistent sleep issues
• Cardiovascular complications like high blood pressure or irregular heartbeats
• Weight loss and potential malnutrition
• Emotional instability or mood swings
• Dependence and addiction

Consult a physician regularly when taking this medication to monitor for side effects and adjust the dosage if needed. 

Common Brand Names

There are several common brand names for dextroamphetamine:

• Dexedrine: One of the most well-known brands, available in immediate-release and extended-release forms.
• Zenzedi: A brand offering immediate-release tablets for easier dosing adjustments.
• ProCentra: A liquid formulation of dextroamphetamine, often used for children or those who have difficulty swallowing pills. 

Generic versions of these medications are widely available and usually cost less than branded drugs while providing the same benefits. 

What’s the Difference Between Amphetamine Salts and Dextroamphetamine?

Amphetamine salts and dextroamphetamine are both stimulant medications used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy, but they have differences in composition and effects. 

Amphetamine salts are a blend of amphetamine isomers—dextroamphetamine and levoamphetamine—in a ratio of 3:1. This mix creates a balanced impact, with dextroamphetamine targeting mental focus and levoamphetamine boosting physical energy. Medications like Adderall contain amphetamine salts.

Dextroamphetamine, by contrast, is a single isomer of amphetamine. It is considered more potent because it exclusively targets the mental focus and attention-enhancing aspects of amphetamine, making it a stronger stimulant per milligram.

The core difference between these stimulants is their chemical makeup. Amphetamine salts offer a mix of effects while dextroamphetamine provides a more concentrated impact on focus and attention.

Are Amphetamine and Dextroamphetamine the Same?

While amphetamine and dextroamphetamine share similarities, they are not the same.

Amphetamine is an umbrella term for a group of stimulant compounds, including both dextroamphetamine (d-isomer) and levoamphetamine (l-isomer). Together, these isomers work to enhance brain activity and improve focus and alertness. 

Dextroamphetamine is one specific isomer of amphetamine. It’s more active in the brain than levoamphetamine, making it the primary ingredient in medications like Dexedrine. 

So, while all dextroamphetamine is amphetamine, not all amphetamine is dextroamphetamine, a more targeted form with stronger stimulant effects.

Is D-amphetamine Salt Combo the Same as Adderall?

The d-amphetamine salt combo is another name for Adderall. This medication combines dextroamphetamine and levoamphetamine in a 3:1 ratio to improve mental and physical symptoms in those with narcolepsy or ADHD.

Adderall is available in immediate-release (Adderall IR) and extended-release (Adderall XR) forms. IR works quickly but has a shorter duration, while XR provides longer-lasting effects in a single dose. 

Although the terms d-amphetamine salt combo and Adderall may be used interchangeably, generic versions may differ slightly in formulation. Use these medications only as directed by a healthcare provider.

Differences in Dosages, Uses, & Chemical Makeup

Here’s how these drugs differ in terms of dosages, uses, and chemical makeup:

• Dosages: Amphetamine salts like Adderall are usually prescribed at starting doses of 5 to 10mg for children and adults, with adjustments as needed. Dextroamphetamine doses are often slightly lower, starting at 2.5 to 5mg, as it is more potent per milligram.
• Uses: Both medications are used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy. Amphetamine salts may be preferred when a broader range of effects like increased energy is desired. Dextroamphetamine is often chosen for its focused impact on attention and concentration.
• Chemical makeup: Amphetamine salts combine dextroamphetamine and levoamphetamine. Dextroamphetamine contains only the d-isomer, making it stronger and more targeted.

Stimulant Abuse of Amphetamine & Dextroamphetamine

Stimulants like amphetamine salts and dextroamphetamine are effective when used correctly but have a high potential for misuse. Stimulant abuse occurs when someone takes higher doses than prescribed or uses the medication without a prescription to boost performance or get high. 

The abuse of these stimulants can lead to dependence, addiction, and adverse outcomes like heart problems, mood swings, or psychosis. Use these medications responsibly and under strict medical supervision.

Recognizing Signs of Addiction

Identifying the signs of stimulant addiction early can help prevent long-term consequences. Symptoms of addiction may include:

• Taking larger doses than prescribed
• Feeling unable to function without the medication
• Increased agitation, anxiety, or mood swings
• Sleep problems, such as insomnia
• Significant weight loss or loss of appetite
• Neglecting responsibilities at work, school, or home
• Financial problems due to seeking or buying the drug

If you or someone you know shows these signs, get help from an addiction specialist or healthcare provider.  Addiction is a chronic and progressive condition, but it’s also treatable. 

Addiction Risk Factors

Some people are at heightened risk of developing stimulant addiction, including:

• Personal or family history of addiction: Genetics play a role in someone’s tendency to develop substance use disorders [7].
• Mental health conditions: People with anxiety, depression, or other mental health disorders, may misuse stimulants to self-medicate.
• Peer pressure: The pressure to perform may lead some students or professionals to misuse ADHD medications.
• Access to the medication: Easy access, such as through a prescription or friends, increases the risk of misuse. 

Treatment for Stimulant Abuse

Treating stimulant abuse involves a combination of medical care, therapy, and support:

• Detoxification: Detox involves removing the drug from the body safely under medical supervision. This makes the process safer and smoother and reduces the intensity of withdrawal symptoms. Ongoing treatment helps address the psychological side of stimulant addiction.
• Behavioral therapy: CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) helps people identify and change thoughts and behaviors leading to substance misuse. Through CBT sessions, individuals can explore the root causes of their addictions and develop healthier coping strategies.
• Support groups: Joining a group like NA (Narcotics Anonymous) provides a sense of accountability and community.

With the right personalized blend of therapies and medications, it is possible to overcome stimulant addiction and stay sober long-term.

Get Science-Backed, Compassionate Treatment at Renaissance Recovery

If you need help for yourself or someone you love misusing prescription stimulants, reach out to Renaissance Recovery. We treat addictions and mental health conditions like ADHD at our beachside facilities in California and Florida. 

The outpatient nature of treatment means you can get compassionate and effective treatment while living at home and carrying on at work or school. The unique aspect of all stimulant addictions means treatment plans at Renaissance are personalized. Therapies include: 

• Medication management
• Motivational therapies
• Talk therapies
• Group therapy
• Family therapy
• Counseling
• Holistic treatments
• Aftercare

Start your recovery right away by calling 866-330-9449. 

Sources

[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK576548/ 

[2] https://www.camh.ca/en/health-info/mental-illness-and-addiction-index/amphetamines

[3] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/dextroamphetamine

[4] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6095132/

[5] https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/drug-scheduling

[6] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3666194/ 

[7] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8477224