Can You Overdose on Gabapentin?

Gabapentin is a common prescription drug used to treat seizures and nerve pain. While it’s considered safe when taken as directed, misuse of gabapentin can lead to dangerous side effects. Many people wonder if it’s possible to overdose on this medication, and the answer is yes.

Although gabapentin may not be as well-known as some other drugs, the risks are real, especially when mixed with other substances. This guide explains how gabapentin works, the dangers of taking too much, and the risks of gabapentin overdose. You will also learn how to get effective treatment for substance abuse.

What Is Gabapentin?

Gabapentin is a prescription medication often sold under brand names like Neurontin or Gralise. It’s classified as an anticonvulsant, meaning it’s mainly used to treat seizures by calming nerve activity in the brain [1]. This drug also reduces nerve pain, especially for conditions like post-herpetic neuralgia, which is pain that follows after having shingles. In addition, gabapentin is sometimes prescribed for RLS (restless leg syndrome), helping people who suffer from the constant urge to move their legs.

Gabapentin is available in various forms, including capsules and tablets, making it easy for doctors to prescribe it based on individual needs. While it’s not considered a controlled substance, like opioids or benzodiazepines, gabapentin still has the potential for misuse when taken inappropriately or mixed with other drugs.

Uses

Gabapentin is most commonly used to treat epileptic seizures and nerve pain, but its uses go beyond these conditions. Doctors may prescribe gabapentin to people struggling with the following issues: 

• Epilepsy: Gabapentin helps control seizures by reducing abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
• Nerve pain: After conditions like shingles, gabapentin is prescribed to help ease the lingering neuropathic pain.
• RLS (restless leg syndrome): Gabapentin can help individuals with RLS reduce the urge to move their legs, especially at night.
• Migraines: While not a first-line treatment, some doctors may prescribe gabapentin to prevent migraines in patients who don’t respond to other medications. 

In some cases, gabapentin is also used off-label for other conditions, meaning it’s prescribed for uses not officially approved by the FDA. These may include treating anxiety disorders, insomnia, or bipolar disorder, although these uses are not as common.

 Side Effects

Like any medication, gabapentin can trigger a range of side effects. Some are mild and may go away as your body gets used to the drug, while others can be more serious. Take gabapentin exactly as prescribed and report any troubling side effects to your doctor. 

Common side effects of gabapentin include: 

• Dizziness: Feeling lightheaded or off-balance.
• Drowsiness: Gabapentin can cause extreme tiredness or the need to sleep more often.
• Coordination problems: Some people experience difficulty with walking or controlling their body movements.
• Blurred vision: Temporary vision changes may occur.
• Swelling: Retaining fluid is another potential issue, particularly in the arms and legs. 

More serious side effects can also happen, although they are less common. These include: 

• Mood changes: Some individuals may feel anxious, irritable, or even depressed while taking gabapentin.
• Memory problems: Gabapentin may cause difficulty remembering or concentrating [2].
• Breathing problems: If gabapentin is taken with other central nervous system depressants (such as alcohol or opioids), breathing may slow down dangerously. 

In rare cases, gabapentin can cause allergic reactions. If someone develops symptoms like swelling of the face, throat, or tongue, trouble breathing, or a severe rash, they need immediate medical attention. 

Gabapentin Toxicity

Gabapentin toxicity occurs when an individual consumes too much of the drug, causing harmful levels to build up in their body. While gabapentin is generally considered safe when taken as prescribed, taking higher doses than recommended, especially over long periods, can lead to dangerous side effects. Gabapentin toxicity can cause a range of symptoms that affect the brain and body, making it hard for a person to function normally. 

Symptoms of gabapentin toxicity may include:

• Extreme drowsiness: The person may feel unusually tired and unable to stay awake.
• Confusion: The person may have trouble remembering or understanding what’s happening around them.
• Slurred speech: Talking clearly can become difficult, and words may be jumbled or slow.
• Unsteadiness: Walking or moving may become difficult, with a person experiencing problems with balance.
• Severe weakness: Muscles may feel weak, making it hard to perform everyday tasks. 

Gabapentin toxicity is more likely for people with kidney problems since their bodies may not filter the drug out as effectively as someone with healthy kidneys. This is why doctors often adjust gabapentin doses based on a person’s kidney function. In severe cases of toxicity, the person may need medical attention, including treatments like dialysis to remove the drug from their system.

Gabapentin Overdose: Risk Factors, Addiction, & More

A gabapentin overdose can occur when someone takes too much of the drug, either accidentally or intentionally. While gabapentin is not considered as lethal as some other drugs, like opioids, taking high doses or mixing it with other substances can increase the risk of serious health issues or even death.

Several factors can increase the likelihood of a gabapentin overdose. These include: 

• Mixing with other substances: Combining gabapentin with alcohol, opioids, or other CNS depressants can dangerously slow down the body’s vital functions, such as breathing and heart rate. This is one of the most common causes of a fatal overdose involving gabapentin.
• Taking higher-than-prescribed doses: Some people misuse gabapentin by taking more than the prescribed amount to experience feelings of relaxation or euphoria. This can quickly lead to toxic levels in the body, especially if done over a long period.
• Using without a prescription: People who take gabapentin without a doctor’s supervision, especially those who buy it illegally, are at higher risk of overdose because they may not know the proper dosage or how it interacts with other substances.
• Kidney problems: Individuals with impaired kidney function are more prone to toxicity, as their bodies are less efficient at filtering out the drug. This can lead to an accidental overdose even at lower doses. 

A gabapentin overdose can result in a range of symptoms, from mild to life-threatening. In addition to the drowsiness, confusion, and muscle weakness associated with toxicity, more severe signs of overdose can include:

• Severe respiratory depression: Breathing may slow down to dangerously low levels, especially when gabapentin is taken with other CNS depressants like alcohol or opioids.
• Seizures: In some cases, particularly when gabapentin is suddenly stopped, it can trigger seizures, even in people who don’t normally have them.
• Coma: In the most serious cases, a gabapentin overdose can cause a person to lose consciousness and slip into a coma, requiring emergency medical care. 

While a gabapentin overdose can often be treated with medical support, the risk of long-term damage, especially from breathing problems or seizures, makes it essential to act quickly. Anyone showing signs of an overdose should seek medical attention immediately.  

Is Gabapentin Addictive?

Gabapentin is not traditionally classified as an addictive drug like opioids or stimulants, but that doesn’t mean it’s without risk. Some people can develop a dependence on gabapentin, especially if they misuse it over time. Dependence occurs when the body gets used to the drug and needs it to function normally [3]. This can lead to addiction if the person starts taking higher doses or using the drug without a prescription. 

Gabapentin can produce feelings of relaxation, calmness, and even euphoria when taken in large amounts. These effects can make the drug appealing for misuse, leading some people to take more than prescribed or mix it with other substances to intensify the high. 

Signs of gabapentin addiction may include:

• Taking gabapentin without a prescription or for reasons other than prescribed.
• Increased tolerance – requiring higher doses to achieve the same effects.
• Cravings or a strong urge to take gabapentin.
• Withdrawal symptoms, such as anxiety, sweating, or difficulty sleeping.

Gabapentin is not as addictive as some other drugs, but misuse can lead to dangerous outcomes, including overdose or serious side effects. Anyone struggling to stop taking gabapentin or experiencing withdrawal symptoms should seek professional help.

What Happens If You Take Too Much Gabapentin?

Taking too much gabapentin, either accidentally or on purpose, can lead to an overdose. While gabapentin overdoses are less likely to be fatal than other drugs like opioids, they can still cause a serious health crisis. The drug can overwhelm the body, causing symptoms that impact the brain, muscles, and breathing. 

If an excessive amount of gabapentin is taken, get medical help right away. While many overdoses can be treated successfully, waiting too long can increase the risk of serious complications like coma or long-term damage to the brain or lungs. Gabapentin overdoses are often treated with supportive care, which may include oxygen, intravenous fluids, or even dialysis in severe cases.

Can Gabapentin Kill You?

While gabapentin is considered safer than drugs like opioids or benzodiazepines, it can still be dangerous, especially when misused. On its own, a gabapentin overdose is rarely fatal, but death can occur when gabapentin is taken in very high doses or mixed with other substances. 

The real danger comes when gabapentin is combined with other CNS depressants, such as alcohol, opioids, or sedatives. These drugs slow vital functions like breathing and heart rate. When taken together with gabapentin, the effects can intensify, potentially leading to complete respiratory failure or coma.

Gabapentin can kill in the following ways: 

• Respiratory depression: The person’s breathing slows, depriving the brain and body of oxygen, which can result in brain damage or death.
• Heart failure: In severe cases, the heart may stop beating effectively, leading to cardiac arrest.
• Severe seizures: For some people, especially those with a history of seizures, stopping gabapentin suddenly or taking too much can trigger life-threatening seizures. 

Why Is Gabapentin So Deadly?

Gabapentin can be deadly when it’s misused or combined with other drugs. Although gabapentin on its own is not typically fatal, it’s still dangerous because of how it interacts with other substances. Many people underestimate the risks of gabapentin because it’s not as tightly regulated as other medications like opioids. However, gabapentin’s ability to slow down the brain and body can be deadly under certain conditions. 

There are a few key reasons why gabapentin can be deadly: 

• Mixing with depressants: Gabapentin is often combined with other CNS depressants like alcohol or opioids, which together slow vital functions like breathing. Mixing them together greatly increases the risk compared to taking them alone.
• Unintentional overdose: Some people may misuse gabapentin without realizing the risks. They might take higher doses than prescribed, thinking it’s safe because it’s not an opioid. Over time, this can lead to toxicity, which may be life-threatening if not treated.
• Risk for vulnerable groups: People with kidney problems, the elderly, or those taking multiple medications are at a higher risk of serious side effects or overdose. Their bodies may not process gabapentin as efficiently, causing it to build up to dangerous levels. 

While gabapentin is an effective medication when used correctly, the consequences of misuse can be deadly, especially when mixed with other substances.

What To Do If You or a Loved One Is Overdosing on Gabapentin

If you suspect that you or a loved one is overdosing on gabapentin, act quickly. A gabapentin overdose can be fatal, especially if mixed with other substances like alcohol or opioids. Here’s what to do: 

• Call 911 immediately: Don’t wait to see if symptoms get worse. Time is critical in preventing long-term damage or death. Tell the operator what happened and if any other drugs were involved.
• Stay with the person: While waiting for help, stay close to the person and monitor their breathing and consciousness. If they lose consciousness, make sure they are lying on their side to keep their airway open.
• Keep them awake if possible: Try to keep the person alert by talking to them. If they’re drowsy or confused, this can help prevent them from slipping into a coma.
• Avoid giving them anything by mouth: Don’t try to give the person food, drinks, or medication unless advised by medical professionals. 
• Provide important information: When emergency personnel arrive, tell them about any medications, drugs, or alcohol involved. This helps doctors know what treatments to provide quickly.

Remember, it’s always better to be safe than sorry. If you think someone has overdosed, respond quickly by contacting emergency medical services. 

Gabapentin Addiction Treatment

For those struggling with gabapentin addiction, professional treatment can help break the cycle of misuse and start the journey to recovery. Gabapentin addiction treatment involves more than just stopping the drug; it also includes learning new ways to manage stress, pain, and other triggers that may have led to misuse. 

Most addiction treatment programs begin with medical detox, where the person is gradually weaned off gabapentin under medical supervision. This helps reduce withdrawal symptoms and prevents complications like seizures. After detox, patients move into therapy, where they learn coping strategies to help them live drug-free. 

Treatment often includes: 

• CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy): This helps people understand the thoughts and behaviors that contribute to their addiction and teaches them healthier ways to cope [4].
• Group therapy: Connecting with others in recovery can provide support and reduce feelings of isolation.
• Medication management: For some individuals, other medications may help manage symptoms like anxiety or depression that arise during recovery. 

Different Treatments for Gabapentin

There are several treatment options for overcoming gabapentin addiction. The right approach depends on individual needs, health conditions, and the level of addiction. Here are the most common types of treatment: 

• Inpatient rehab: This involves staying at a treatment center where medical professionals can closely monitor the detox process and provide 24-hour care. Inpatient rehab is recommended for those with severe addictions or those at risk of serious withdrawal symptoms.
• Outpatient rehab: For those with milder addictions and strong support systems at home, outpatient rehab may be an option. This allows the individual to attend therapy sessions during the day while living at home.
• Therapy and counseling: Therapy is a key part of any addiction treatment plan. One-on-one counseling helps people explore the reasons behind their drug use, while group therapy provides peer support.
• MAT: MAT (medication-assisted treatment) uses medications to ease withdrawal symptoms or reduce cravings for gabapentin. A doctor can prescribe these medications as part of the treatment plan.

Regardless of the type of treatment chosen, commitment to recovery and long-term support are essential for preventing relapse and building a healthier future. 

How to Heal After a Gabapentin Overdose

Recovering from a gabapentin overdose can be both a physical and emotional journey. After receiving medical treatment, it’s necessary to focus on healing and creating a plan to prevent future overdoses. 

Steps for healing after a gabapentin overdose include: 

• Follow-up medical care: After an overdose, see a doctor for follow-up appointments. They will check for any lingering effects from the overdose and adjust your medications if necessary.
• Therapy for emotional support: Overdosing can be a traumatic experience. Talking to a therapist can help you process what happened and develop coping strategies to prevent future drug misuse.
• Building a support system: Surrounding yourself with supportive friends, family, or a recovery group can help keep you on track during the healing process. It’s easier to stay strong when you have people cheering you on. 

Healing is a gradual process, but with the right support and commitment, it’s possible to move forward and live a healthier life after a gabapentin overdose. 

Where to Seek Help for Gabapentin Addiction

If you or someone you love is struggling with gabapentin addiction, seeking professional help is the best way to recover safely and effectively. Rehab centers and addiction specialists can create personalized treatment plans tailored to your needs. 

You can look for help at: 

• Inpatient rehab centers: These provide a structured environment with 24/7 care, making them a good choice for those needing intensive support.
• Outpatient treatment programs: These allow you to live at home while attending therapy and support groups during the day or evening.
• Local addiction specialists: Many therapists and doctors specialize in treating addiction and can help guide you through the recovery process.
• Support groups: Programs like NA (Narcotics Anonymous) or similar groups offer peer support and a sense of community for those in recovery. 

Recovery takes time, but with the right help, it’s possible to break free from gabapentin addiction and regain control over your life. 

Get World-Class Addiction Treatment at Renaissance Recovery

If you need addiction treatment for yourself or a loved one, we treat people from all walks of life at Renaissance Recovery in California and Florida. We offer compassionate and effective outpatient treatment for all addictions and mental health issues at our luxury rehabs.

We can help you in finding medical detox centers for withdrawal support, and then you can move into an outpatient program at Renaissance.

All addictions and mental health issues are different, so we offer personalized therapies, such as: 

• Talk therapy (CBT or DBT)
• Medication-assisted treatment
• Group therapy
• Counseling
• Family therapy
• Holistic treatments
• Aftercare 

Start your recovery from gabapentin addiction by calling 866-330-9449.

Sources

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537206/
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5802689/
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8583742/
4. https://www.apa.org/ptsd-guideline/patients-and-families/cognitive-behavioral