Dextroamphetamine: Uses, Side Effects, Addiction & Treatment

Dextroamphetamine is a powerful stimulant medication commonly prescribed for ADHD (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) and narcolepsy [1]. It works by affecting certain chemicals in the brain that control focus, energy, and impulse control. While it can be highly effective in managing these conditions, dextroamphetamine also carries risks, including side effects, dependence, and potential misuse.

 Like any stimulant, dextroamphetamine can dramatically impact the body and mind. Some people experience improved concentration and alertness, while others may struggle with side effects of dextroamphetamine, like anxiety, insomnia, or increased heart rate. In higher doses or when misused, it can become addictive, leading to serious health concerns. This page will cover everything you need to know about this medication, from what is dextroamphetamine sulfate to its uses, risks, side effects, and what to do in case of overdose. 

Dextroamphetamine Uses

What is dextroamphetamine used for, then? Well, this prescription stimulant is indicated to treat ADHD and narcolepsy. It belongs to a class of medications known as CNS (central nervous system) stimulants, which work by increasing levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain [2]. As an ADHD medication, dextroamphetamine helps improve focus, impulse control, and alertness in people with ADHD. It helps to reduce excessive daytime sleepiness in those with narcolepsy.

 For individuals with ADHD, the dextroamphetamine pill helps regulate brain activity linked to attention and self-control. It allows people to concentrate better, stay organized, and manage impulsive behaviors. Many find it easier to complete tasks, follow instructions, and remain engaged in conversations when taking the medication. That said, it is typically part of a broader treatment plan that includes behavioral therapy, counseling, and lifestyle adjustments.

 Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that causes excessive daytime drowsiness and sudden sleep attacks [3]. Dextroamphetamine helps by stimulating the brain to promote wakefulness and reduce episodes of uncontrollable sleep. While it does not cure narcolepsy, it allows people to maintain a more normal daily routine by staying alert and engaged in activities.

 Doctors may also prescribe dextroamphetamine for other off-label uses, such as treatment-resistant depression or cognitive enhancement in certain medical conditions. However, due to its potential for misuse, it is prescribed with caution and only when other treatment options have been considered.

Common Brand(S): Dexedrine

Dextroamphetamine tablets are sold under several brand names, with Dexedrine being one of the most well-known. Other common brands include:

• Zenzedi: Available in immediate-release tablets.
• ProCentra: A liquid form of dextroamphetamine.
• Dexedrine Spansules: An extended-release version that provides a longer duration of effect.

 These medications come in different forms, including tablets, capsules, and oral solutions, allowing doctors to tailor treatment to each patient’s needs. Dosage varies, from dextroamphetamine sulfate 10mg to Dexedrine 30mg.

 Immediate-release versions work quickly but require multiple doses throughout the day, while extended-release formulations provide longer-lasting effects with a single daily dose.

Generic Name(S): dextroamphetamine sulfate

Dextroamphetamine sulfate is the generic name for this medication. Generic versions are more affordable than brand-name drugs, offering the same active ingredient and effectiveness. Pharmacists may substitute a generic version for a brand-name prescription unless the doctor requests explicitly otherwise.

Dextroamphetamine Side Effects

Like all medications, dextroamphetamine can cause side effects, which vary depending on the person, dosage, and how long the drug has been used. Some people experience only mild side effects, while others may have more serious reactions requiring medical attention.

 Many people experience mild to moderate side effects when starting dextroamphetamine, but these often improve over time. Common side effects include:

• Loss of appetite.
• Weight loss.
• Dry mouth.
• Trouble sleeping (insomnia).
• Increased heart rate.
• Nervousness or restlessness.
• Headache.
• Dizziness.

 Children taking dextroamphetamine for ADHD may experience slowed growth, which is why doctors closely monitor their height and weight during treatment.

 Although less common, some people may experience severe side effects that require immediate medical attention. These include:

• Chest pain or irregular heartbeat.
• Shortness of breath.
• High blood pressure.
• Severe mood changes (aggression, depression, paranoia).
• Hallucinations or delusions.
• Uncontrolled muscle movements (tics).
• Unusual thoughts, including suicidal ideation.

 If any of these symptoms occur, seek medical help right away.

 Long-term use of dextroamphetamine can lead to additional risks. Some people may develop tolerance, requiring higher doses for the same effect, which increases the risk of dependence or addiction [4]. Extended use may also lead to mood swings, anxiety, and cardiovascular issues.

 Doctors often recommend periodic breaks from the medication to assess whether it is still needed and to minimize the risk of long-term complications.

Dextroamphetamine Warnings & Precautions

While dextroamphetamine can be highly effective, it is not suitable for everyone. Several precautions must be considered before starting treatment.

 Dextroamphetamine should not be used by individuals with:

• Heart disease or high blood pressure: Stimulants can increase heart rate and blood pressure, posing a risk for those with heart conditions.
• Glaucoma: This medication can raise eye pressure, worsening symptoms.
• Severe anxiety or agitation: Stimulants may make these conditions worse.
• A history of drug or alcohol addiction: The potential for abuse and dependence is high.
• Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism): Stimulants can intensify symptoms.
• Recent use of MAOIs: Taking dextroamphetamine with MAOIs (a type of antidepressant) can cause dangerous interactions.

 Children under the age of three should not take dextroamphetamine, and extended-release formulations are not recommended for children under six. Growth monitoring is necessary because long-term use can slow height and weight gain. Doctors may adjust the dose or recommend temporary breaks if growth is affected.

 Dextroamphetamine use during pregnancy may increase the risk of low birth weight, premature birth, or withdrawal symptoms in newborns [5]. Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should discuss alternative treatment options with their doctor.

 Breastfeeding is not recommended while taking dextroamphetamine, as the drug can pass into breast milk and may cause irritability, poor weight gain, or other issues in infants.

 People with a history of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or psychotic disorders should use dextroamphetamine cautiously. It can trigger manic episodes or increase paranoia and hallucinations in those with underlying mental health conditions.

 Dextroamphetamine is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance, meaning it has a high potential for abuse and dependence [6]. Some individuals misuse it for its stimulant effects, such as increased energy and focus. Long-term misuse can lead to:

• Drug dependence.
• Severe anxiety and paranoia.
• Heart problems.
• Withdrawal symptoms when stopping the drug.

 People with a personal or family history of substance use disorders should discuss the risks with their doctor before taking this medication.

 To reduce risks, dextroamphetamine should be taken only as directed. It should never be crushed, snorted, or injected, as this increases the chance of overdose and severe side effects. If someone feels the medication is not working effectively, they should consult their doctor rather than adjust the dose independently.

 Doctors often recommend regular heart monitoring and blood pressure checks while on dextroamphetamine to ensure it is being used safely. Any unusual symptoms, especially those related to heart health or mental well-being, should be reported right away.

Dextroamphetamine Interactions

Dextroamphetamine can interact with various medications, supplements, and even certain foods. Some interactions can make the drug less effective, while others can increase the risk of dangerous side effects. Anyone taking dextroamphetamine should inform their doctor about all medications and supplements they use to prevent harmful reactions.

 Some drugs should never be taken with dextroamphetamine because they can cause severe, even life-threatening, effects. These include:

• MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors): Medications like phenelzine, tranylcypromine, and selegiline can lead to dangerously high blood pressure when taken with dextroamphetamine. These drugs must be stopped at least 14 days before starting a stimulant.
• Antidepressants (SSRIs and SNRIs): Fluoxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine can raise serotonin levels, increasing the risk of serotonin syndrome, which can cause confusion, agitation, fever, and seizures.
• Antipsychotic medications: Drugs like risperidone and olanzapine may counteract the effects of dextroamphetamine, making it less effective.
• Blood pressure medications: Some hypertension medications may become less effective when combined with dextroamphetamine, leading to increased heart rate and blood pressure.

 Some other substances may affect dextroamphetamine. These include:

• Acidic foods and beverages: Orange juice, grapefruit juice, and other acidic drinks can lower the effectiveness of dextroamphetamine by affecting how it is absorbed in the stomach.
• Caffeine: Coffee, energy drinks, and certain sodas can intensify stimulant effects, leading to increased heart rate, anxiety, and jitteriness.
• Alcohol: Combining alcohol with dextroamphetamine can mask the effects of intoxication, increasing the risk of overconsumption and alcohol poisoning.

 Even non-prescription medications and supplements can affect how dextroamphetamine works. Some common ones to be aware of include: 

• St. John’s Wort: May increase serotonin levels and raise the risk of serotonin syndrome.
• Decongestants (pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine): Found in many cold medications, these can raise blood pressure when taken with dextroamphetamine.
• Melatonin and sleep aids: These may be less effective due to dextroamphetamine’s stimulating effects.

 Anyone taking dextroamphetamine should always check with their doctor or pharmacist before adding new medications or supplements to their routine.

Dextroamphetamine Overdose

Taking too much dextroamphetamine, whether accidentally or intentionally, can lead to a dangerous and potentially fatal overdose. Because it is a stimulant, high doses can put extreme stress on the heart and nervous system.

 Overdose symptoms can range from mild to severe and may include: 

• Physical symptoms: Rapid heartbeat, chest pain, high fever, tremors, muscle weakness, nausea, and vomiting.
• Mental symptoms: Severe anxiety, panic, confusion, hallucinations, and paranoia.
• Severe reactions: Seizures, dangerously high blood pressure, loss of consciousness, or heart failure.

 If someone is experiencing overdose symptoms, call 911 immediately. Prompt medical attention can help prevent life-threatening complications. Consider the following: 

• Try to keep the person calm: Anxiety and panic can make symptoms worse.
• Provide information: If possible, tell emergency responders the amount taken, the time of ingestion, and whether any other substances were used.
• Do not induce vomiting: Unless directed by medical professionals, vomiting can cause further complications.

 The best way to avoid an overdose is to take dextroamphetamine precisely as prescribed. Never take more than the recommended dose, and do not mix it with other substances unless approved by a doctor. If the medication does not seem to work as expected, speak with a healthcare provider rather than increasing the dose on your own.

Dextroamphetamine Images

Dextroamphetamine comes in multiple forms, including:

• Immediate-release tablets: Typically small, round, and available in different colors based on dosage.
• Extended-release capsules (Spansules): Often larger and contain tiny beads inside for a slow-release effect.
• Oral liquid (ProCentra): A flavored solution for those with trouble swallowing pills.

Each manufacturer may produce slightly different-looking pills, so always check the label and consult a pharmacist if there is any uncertainty.

FAQs

Are Adderall and dextroamphetamine the same thing?

No, but they are similar. Adderall contains a mix of dextroamphetamine and levoamphetamine, while dextroamphetamine is a single active ingredient. Both are stimulants used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy.

Is dexamphetamine the same as Vyvanse?

No, but they are related. Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine) is a prodrug that the body converts into dextroamphetamine. This process makes Vyvanse longer-acting and less prone to abuse than immediate-release dextroamphetamine.

Is dextroamphetamine Adderall or Ritalin?

Dextroamphetamine is a key ingredient in Adderall but not in Ritalin. Ritalin contains methylphenidate, a different type of stimulant that also treats ADHD but works in a slightly different way.

What is the real name for dextroamphetamine?

Dextroamphetamine is the generic name. It is sold under brand names like Dexedrine, Zenzedi, and ProCentra.

Get Help with Stimulant Addiction at a Premier Rehab

If you or someone you care about has been misusing stimulants like dextroamphetamine, contact Renaissance Recovery for effective and compassionate care.

 When you choose an outpatient program at one of our California or Florida rehabs, you can continue meeting your everyday commitments while getting first-class addiction treatment during weekday sessions.

 All prescription drug addictions are different, so all our treatment plans are customized to reflect this. Therapies might include:

• Medication management
• Counseling
• Motivational therapy
• Behavioral therapy
• Holistic treatments
• Family therapy
• Group therapy
• Aftercare planning

When you’re ready to kickstart your recovery from dextroamphetamine addiction, call 866-330-9449.

Sources

[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556103/

[2] https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/cns-stimulant

[3] https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/narcolepsy

[4] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11224198/

[5] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK603254

[6] https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/schedules.html