What Is Alcohol Addiction?
The CDC characterizes alcohol abuse as any form of alcohol consumption that leads to damaged health and relationships, as well as impacting your ability to work. While all alcohol addictions vary slightly, they are all grounded in alcohol abuse.
Addiction is defined as a chronic and relapsing disease. Addiction is often used interchangeably with severe substance use disorder.
According to 2022 NSDUH data, 29.5 million people in the United States had alcohol use disorder in the past year.
Heavy drinking and binge drinking each qualify as alcohol abuse.
Is Alcohol Addictive?
Experts almost universally agree with this concept of addiction as a disease. While addiction has no cure, it can be effectively treated.
If untreated, alcohol addiction can be physically and emotionally damaging. Long-term alcohol abuse can also bring about permanent changes to brain structure and functioning.
Most estimates suggest up to 50% of addiction risk is due to genetic factors. Beyond this, a variety of environmental and social factors also play a role in whether someone becomes addicted to alcohol.
As addiction progresses, more alcohol is required to achieve the same effects as tolerance develops. At this stage, intense withdrawal symptoms may occur if you stop drinking alcohol.
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Alcohol Use Disorder
Alcohol use disorder is a mental disorder where someone has difficulty controlling their drinking despite negative consequences. It can range from mild to severe and affects millions of people. Individuals with this disorder are unable to stop drinking even when alcohol use harms their health, safety, or personal relationships.
Diagnosis involves a physical evaluation by a healthcare professional and assessment using criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition.
The American Medical Association recommends that pregnant women and women trying to conceive avoid drinking alcohol. Alcohol use during pregnancy can cause long-term harm to a baby and lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. With proper treatment and support, recovery is possible.
Binge Drinking
Binge drinking involves consuming excessive alcohol in a short period, typically five or more drinks for men or four or more drinks for women within two hours. This pattern of alcohol use can increase the risk of accidents, injuries, and long-term health problems.
Alcohol Withdrawal
Alcohol withdrawal occurs when someone who drinks heavily suddenly stops or significantly reduces alcohol intake. Symptoms can range from mild anxiety and tremors to severe complications such as seizures. Medical supervision is important to ensure safety during withdrawal.
Alcohol Addiction Symptoms
When alcohol use becomes habitual, individuals may feel abnormal without alcohol in their system. At this stage, addiction becomes psychological, creating a perceived need for alcohol even in the absence of physical dependence.
Physical addiction sets in once you are unable to quit drinking without experiencing severe withdrawal symptoms, such as these signs of alcohol addiction:
- Shakiness
- Tremors
- Anxiety
- Confusion
- Hallucinations
- Seizure
- Delirium tremens
Chronic alcohol misuse leads to both physical and psychological addiction and is rooted in the way alcohol impacts the brain. When you consume alcohol, this releases endorphins in the areas of the brain responsible for reward processing.
Alcohol impacts multiple chemical systems in the brain. At a psychological level, alcohol abuse can lead to negative health consequences, making you feel unable to properly function in the absence of alcohol. This is one of the main reasons alcohol relapse is so common.
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Common Alcohol Abuse Symptoms
The following are considered the primary symptoms of alcohol addiction:
- Being dishonest and secretive about drinking
- Inability to refuse alcohol
- Loss of interest in hobbies and favored activities
- Irritability and anger
- Impaired physical appearance
- Reduced levels of personal hygiene
- Looking tired or sick
- Being frequently intoxicated
- Growing tolerance for alcohol
- Patterns of binge drinking
- Withdrawal symptoms in the absence of alcohol
- Co-occurring mental health problems
What To Do If You Have an Alcohol Addiction
If your alcohol consumption is starting to take over your life and harm your physical wellbeing, it may be time to consider alcohol addiction therapy. Addiction is not something to ignore. Many people who abuse alcohol consider themselves high-functioning, but any form of alcohol misuse is dangerous.
If you believe you or a loved one has a drinking problem, seeking help as early as possible is critical. Renaissance Recovery is a drug and alcohol treatment center with locations in California and Florida. Our expert clinicians and alumni programs provide the structure and support needed for long-term recovery.
Get Help At Renaissance Recovery
If you need help today, contact Renaissance Recovery. We are a drug and alcohol treatment center with locations in California and Florida. Our experienced clinicians and strong alumni programs help clients build the knowledge and support required for sustained recovery.
It is possible to live a life free from alcohol addiction. Call 866-330-9449 for immediate assistance.
Sources
- https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugs-brains-behavior-science-addiction/drug-misuse-addiction#ref
- https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/alcohol-topics/alcohol-facts-and-statistics/alcohol-use-disorder-aud-united-states-age-groups-and-demographic-characteristics
- https://www.addictioncenter.com/alcohol/genetics-of-alcoholism/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK436003/
- https://policysearch.ama-assn.org/policyfinder/detail/Alcohol?uri=%2FAMADoc%2FHOD.xml-0-3734.xml
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441882/
- https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugs-brains-behavior-science-addiction/drug-misuse-addiction
- https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/alcohol-topics/alcohol-facts-and-statistics/alcohol-use-disorder-aud-united-states-age-groups-and-demographic-characteristics